Health Information Series

Posts Tagged ‘Cancer’

today we talk a little bit of science, according to the post. I will comment on 3 previous treatment approaches for osteoporosis:

1) HRT (hormone replacement therapy) still creates controversy in relation to breast cancer, only take 5% of menopausal women, this treatment should be monitored by the doctor, individualized, tailored to each woman to avoid risks and reviewed annually.
In most menopausal women is a safe treatment but only where evidence indicated a potential benefit.
. Women with a family history of breast cancer suffer more risk when using this treatment.
. Young women with hysterectomy are no risk of cancer.

2) Currently studies are underway to combat osteoporosis in the project ATPBone (combat osteoporosis by blocks of nucleotides: purinergic signaling in bone formation and homeostasis) financed with European funds, have shown that physical activity and other incentives to bone induce the emission of a compound called ATP that regulates bone regeneration.

3) An example of innovation in biotechnology for human health is the Denosumab (marketed under the name Prolia) is a treatment-finally available in Spain and to treat postmenopausal osteoporosis in women at high risk of osteoporotic fracture; reduces the risk of vertebral fracture, nonvertebral and hip fractures.
This drug acts on an essential regulator of osteoclasts (cells that break down bone) and consists of a subcutaneous injection every 6 months.

we celebrate the World Day Against Breast Cancer and from the Health Channel jurnalk3.com we take to try to raise, once again, the people of the importance of prevention in these diseases, also to congratulate all those women that recently suffered a tumor of this type and have successfully passed and, of course, give our wholehearted support for those currently struggling to overcome it.

Breast cancer is one of the tumors with the highest incidence among the population and one of the leading causes of death in women in Spain alone there are more than 20,000 new cases every year according to the Spanish Association against Cancer (AECC). However, thanks to advances in treatment, both the survival rate and quality of life of the patient improved considerably, always remembering the importance of early diagnosis. Therefore, it is important to go to regular gynecological examinations, mammograms regularly and observe any changes in the body through breast self-exam at least once a month, especially if a family history.

If you want more you might like:

- Factors that increase the risk of breast cancer.

- Detection of breast cancer.

- Benefits of Pilates in breast cancer.

- Nuts to fight breast cancer.

- Immediate Breast Reconstruction.

- 3 tips to prevent breast cancer.

- New advances in breast cancer.

- Doing a breast self-exam.

Do you know someone who has suffered this harsh disease? Do you follow all the prevention tips? He congratulated all the women here who have passed one and show your support for those who are suffering today.

In the British Medical Journal published research that revealed that passive smoking increases the risk of breast cancer. An analysis of data from nearly 80,000 women shows that exposure to snuff smoke at work or at home for many years increases the chances of developing this tumor.

According to Argentina’s medical issue, researchers at West Virginia University, USA, say that women who do not smoke but are exposed to smoke from other people snuff are more likely to develop breast cancer, as published by the British Medical Journal.

Apparently, the investigation involved nearly 80,000 women and, according to its authors, the incidence of these tumors was 32% higher in those who had decades as passive smokers, a finding that should be confirmed with further studies.

The relationship between passive smoking and breast cancer has always been a controversial issue because, while some studies found a relationship like this, there were others who refused as it was difficult to quantify the minimum time of exposure carries a risk.
In this study, women participants were between 50 and 79 years and, during the 10-year follow-up during the investigation, we detected 3250 cases of invasive breast cancer.

When women were asked about their smoking history and exposure to tobacco snuff, it was found that smokers had a 16% increased risk of developing breast cancer after menopause. For former smokers, the risk was 9% and remained for 20 years after quitting, being highest in those who had smoked for over 50 years.

What is surprising, as highlighted by the study authors, is that women who had never smoked but lived with smokers or had worked for several years seemed to have also an increased risk of breast cancer.

Thus, “after more than 10 years of exposure to snuff in childhood or as adults, after more than 10 years of passive smoking at work or at home 20, the risk increased by 32%.”

According to Dr. Rachel Greig, from Breakthrough Breast Cancer, the study suggests that “soon begin to smoke and takes longer to do so, the greater your chance of developing breast cancer.”

“We know that smoking has many health risks and is a major cause of lung cancer and heart disease, and encourage all women who do not smoke,” he concluded.

In the national newspaper El Tiempo, was published in the last hours of research on information derived from the effects of oral sex on the origin of certain cancers. The researcher from the University of Ohio (USA.), Maura Gillison, revealed this during a meeting of the American Association of Scientific Progress, held in Washington. Their findings show a 225 percent increase in oral cancer cases resulting from HPV infection between 1974 and 2007.

Apparently, infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) related to the sexual practice is already the leading cause of oral cancer (mouth and throat tumors), up from cancer caused by cigarette smoking.

These findings are consistent with previous studies, which argue that citizens who have engaged in oral sex with more than six individuals are eight times more likely to develop this disease than the less promiscuous.

Specialists explain that, in most cases tend to be asymptomatic infection and the human organism is able to control it without a problem. However, on a percentage of the cases, the infection persists in a latent and can even cause pre-malignant lesions, the first step toward cancer, as in the case of tumors of the cervix in women.

Gillison recommended that the vaccine against human papilloma virus (which is mainly applied to women) is also used by men.

According to the National Cancer Institute U.S… UU. There are 150 different types of HPV and 40 of them can be transmitted sexually.

British scientists say they have found the gene that promotes the spread of most cancers, the pharmacological blockade WWP2 which could represent a breakthrough in the fight against the disease.

The finding is the work of a team from the University of East Anglia led by Dr Andrew Chantry, who says that the identification of this gene may give rise to medical solutions within a decade to stop the most aggressive cancers.
These cancers include breast, brain, colon and skin, which spread particularly fast.

“The challenge now is to identify a potent drug invasive cancer cells, destroying the activity of the defective gene,” says Chantry, whose work is published in the latest edition of the medical journal “Oncogene”.

“We have begun to experiment with a molecule that we think can do the job. If that is the case, lay the foundation of a new generation of a single drug for various cancers,” said the expert.

The WWP2 is the product of an enzyme that binds the chemical elements within the cells and is present in all human organisms. “We all have the gene, but when defective hijacks this process and helps the cancer grow and spread to other parts of the body. This is what eventually kills,” said Dr. Chantry.

In case you develop a drug that deactivates the WWP2, conventional therapies and surgery may limit the primary cancerous tumors without the risk of being installed in other parts of the body.

Dr. Chantry forecast is that this less invasive treatment with fewer side effects can be applied within five to ten years. Cancer Resarch Group (Cancer Research) in the United Kingdom welcomed the finding, but with some caution.

“In recent decades, researchers around the world have discovered genes that drive the growth and spread of cancer and this research is one in a list that keeps growing,” said Kat Arney, a spokesman for the organization.

Cancer can occur anywhere in the brain or spinal cord. Cancer cells are abnormal cells that divide too often and without any order.
Workers in oil refining, rubber manufacturing, and drug manufacturing industries have higher rates of certain types of brain tumors.
Symptoms cerebroLos tumors symptoms of primary brain tumors and metastatic depend mainly on location in the brain and tumor size. Since each brain area is responsible for specific functions, symptoms vary widely. Tumors in the frontal lobe of the brain can cause weakness and inability to move one side of the body, known as paralysis, mood disturbances, difficulty thinking, confusion and disorientation, and wide emotional mood swings. Parietal lobe tumors can cause seizures, numbness or paralysis, difficulty with handwriting, inability to perform simple mathematical problems, difficulty with certain movements, and loss of sense of touch. Tumors in the occipital lobe can cause vision loss in half of each field of vision, visual hallucinations, and seizures.

Is the growth of cancer cells in the tissues of the brain can destroy brain cells and also cause damage to cells by inflammation and compression to the growth of tumor, can cause cerebral edema.

TYPES OF TUMORS

* Astrocytomas: from cells called astrocytes that vary in degree of malignancy.

* Oligodendroglial tumors originate in the brain cells oligodendrocytes.

* Glioblastoma Multiforme: also known as grade IV astrocytoma, has developed rapidly.

* Ependymomas: it originates in the ependyma, an area where it is produced and stored cerebrospinal fluid.

* Mixed Gliomas: develop in more than one type of cells, including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, cells and / or ependymal cells.

SYMPTOMS

Headache.

Vomiting.

* Difficulty walking.

* Difficulty speaking.

* Changes in vision, double vision.

* Weight gain.

* Seizures.

* Hearing problems

* Trouble concentrating.

* Fever.

* Difficulty coordinating movements.

* Lack of reflections.

* Facial paralysis

Difficulty swallowing

* Earthquakes.

* Facial paralysis.

Cancer can occur anywhere in the brain. Cancer cells are abnormal cells that divide too often and without any order. In 1997, about 18,000 new brain tumors were diagnosed, a 50% increase of only ten years ago.

What is your brain?
The brain is the organ in the skull of a person who controls the functions of all other organs. Together, the brain and spinal cord comprise the central nervous system. The brain is responsible for the experience of the five senses (taste, touch, sight, hearing and smell). The brain is also the main area of thought, language, personality, creativity and memory. The brain controls movement, sensation, balance, and coordination. To do its job, the brain requires an enormous amount of energy from oxygen and food you take regularly.
What are brain tumors?
Brain tumors occur when cells in the brain begin to divide out of control and begin to displace or invade nearby tissues. Large collections of these tissues “out of control” are called tumors. Occasionally, brain tumors can spread throughout the body. Tumors that have the potential to spread to other parts of the brain or body are called malignant.
Symptomatology
unfortunately, the early stages of brain tumors may not cause any symptoms. As the tumor grows in size, can produce a variety of symptoms, including:
headache
nausea
vomiting
loss of appetite
seizures
memory loss
weakness
visual changes
problems with speech and language
personality changes
thought processing problems

According to the results of a study published in Genome Research, led by Manel Esteller, director of the Epigenetics and Biology as the results of a study published in Genome Research, led by Manel Esteller, director of the Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL) and the Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO) and ICREA researcher, says that 15% of cancer cases are related to a virus. But not all infected people eventually develop a malignancy. The malignant process is initiated in cases where the pathogen is able to modify their own genetic material to thwart the body’s defenses.

The researchers analyzed more than 500 samples of infected tissues by major oncogenic virus, human papilloma virus, and necessary cause for cervical cancer development, the hepatitis B virus, linked to the occurrence of liver cancer, and Epstein – Barr virus, cause of some types of lymphoma. They have been collected in three population groups: people infected but not symptomatic, who have developed an infection or a premalignant lesion, and people who have already developed a tumor or cancer associated.

In each of these stages, the virus’s genetic material undergoes major changes in the epigenome. That is, the pattern of chemical signals, a kind of circuit, which makes your genes (genome) are expressed or not. Methylation of the disabled and acetylation activates them. “When the virus enters the body, in the early stages of infection, all expressed genes because it is not methylated. Thus the immune system can detect and remove it,” says Esteller.

But little by little, the virus manages to evade the immune system. As the infection progresses to a premalignant state, the virus will be more methylated, which means that their genes are leaving to express themselves and, therefore, the immune system is costing you more and more detect and attack, says Esteller. The virus achieves this state by robbing the host cell proteins. The uses to weave a garment with which biochemical camouflage the immune system. However, it hides your viral load, which is still active. When the malignant tumor appears, the virus has not only fully camouflaged, but the looting has also genetically modified the behavior of the cell and turns it into a carcinogen.

What makes these viruses increase their ability to deceive? To get an accurate answer will still need more research, but there are indications that on the one hand individual genetic differences influence. And other studies show that some environmental exposures facilitate methylation. This is the case of exposure to snuff, a high radiation dose or excesses in the sun, Esteller said. Bad habits not only alter the epigenetics of the virus, but also weaken the immune system and allow the virus to penetrate better into the cell. In fact, when it detects the presence of hepatitis B and C drugs are used to enhance immune system activity. In the case of papilloma virus (HPV), yet there is no effective treatment to destroy it, but you are advised to exercise extreme healthy habits for the immune system to defend itself in the most effective and runs with it, explains Silvia Sanjose, responsible Unit infections and cancer of the ICO. In women, HPV is a 55% of tumors associated with infections.

According to both experts, knowing the epigenetics of these viruses will develop treatments that prevent methylation, ie preventing the virus robs its host cell proteins to trick the immune system. Esteller believes that these alterations may also be present in other viruses responsible for diseases such as influenza and AIDS.

Other research shows that not only inherits the genome, but also its pattern of activation, the epigenome. “We believe the epigenome is also altered by toxic habits could be inherited,” he concludes.

Endometrial cancer is where cancerous cells are found in the lining of the uterus.

Endometrial cancer is different from cancer of the cervix.

SYMPTOMS

* Bleeding or discharge not related to menstruation,

* Difficulty or pain when urinating,

* Pain in the pelvic area.

Stages

* Stage I. Cancer is found in the main body of the uterus only.

* Stage II. Cancer cells have spread to the cervix.

* Stage III. Cancer cells have spread outside the uterus

* Stage IV. Cancer cells have spread outside the pelvis, to other parts of the body.

TREATMENT

There are treatments for all patients with cervical cancer. Using three kinds of treatment:

* Surgery (removing the cancer in an operation)

* Radiation therapy (high-energy radiation to kill cancer cells)

* Chemotherapy (drugs or to kill cancer cells).